| Axelrod, The Evolution of Cooperation, 1984 | :: | 21 |
| Batali, Computational simulations of the emergence of grammar, 1998 | :: | 99 |
| Cangelosi,Parisi, The emergence of language in an evolving population of neural networks, 1996 | :: | 4 |
| de~Boer, Generating vowel systems in a population of agents, 1997 | :: | 19 |
| Hurford, Biological evolution of the Saussurean sign as a component of the language acquisition device, 1989 | :: | 102 |
| Kirby, Function, Selection and Innateness: the Emergence of Language Universals, 1999 | :: | 76 |
| Oates,Eyler-Walker,Cohen, Using Syntax to Learn Semantics: An Experiment in Language Acquisition with a Mobile Robot, 1999 | :: | 3 |
| Oliphant, The dilemma of Saussurean communication, 1996 | :: | 60 |
| Steels,Kaplan, Stochasticity as a source of innovation in language games, 1998 | :: | 30 |
| Steels,Kaplan, Bootstrapping grounded word semantics, 2002 | :: | 29 |
| Steels,Vogt, Grounding adaptive language games in robotic agents, 1997 | :: | 74 |
| Steels, Emergent Adaptive Lexicons, 1996 | :: | 56 |
| Steels, The origins of syntax in visually grounded robotic agents, 1998 | :: | 56 |