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Authoritative: http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/83/18002   (Publisher's PDF... likely be available here.)

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Abstract

That almost all language networks are small-world and scale-free raises the question of whether syntax plays a role to measure the complexity of a language network. To answer this question, we built up two random language (dependency) networks based on a dependency syntactic network and investigated the complexity of these three language networks to see if the non-syntactic ones have network indicators similar to the syntactic one. The results show that all the three networks are small-world and scale-free. While syntax influences the indicators of a complex network, scale-free is only a necessary but not sufficient condition to judge whether a network is syntactic or non-syntactic. The network analysis focuses on the global organization of a language, it may not reflect the subtle syntactic differences of the sentence structure.

@article{liu08languageNetwork,
  author={Haitao Liu and Fengguo Hu},
  title={What role does syntax play in a language network?},
  journal={Europhysics Letters},
  year={2008},
  month={July},
  volume={83},
  number={18002},
  doi={10.1209/0295-5075/83/18002},
  url={http://groups.lis.illinois.edu/amag/langev/paper/liu08languageNetwork.html}
}